Подготовка к огэ английский язык лексика грамматика. Подготовка к огэ

Первое задание по грамматике представляет собой связанный текст, в котором есть пропуски. Нам требуется заполнить 9 пропусков правильной грамматической формой слова, приведенного в самом задании. Задание содержит в себе шесть вопросов базового уровня сложности и три вопроса повышенного уровня сложности.

К базовому уровню сложности можно отнести пропуски, требующие только знания правильной грамматической формы и не требующие дополнительного анализа контекста. Наиболее частотными вопросами базового уровня являются вопросы по следующим темам:

для существительных: слова-исключения множественного числа, притяжательные формы с ’s, а также сочетание этих двух форм (например, нужно показать принадлежность для существительного во множественном числе: men’s cars, women’s handbags, children’s toys и т.д.);
для прилагательных и наречий: степени сравнения и возможные исключения, формы притяжательных прилагательных my/your/his/her/its/our/their;
для местоимений: объектные формы me/you/him/her/it/us/them, а также притяжательные формы mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs;
для глаголов: форма глагола с частицей to или окончанием –ing (например, I want to sing, но I enjoy singing).

К повышенному уровню сложности можно отнести вопросы, требующие поставить в правильную временную форму глагол в зависимости от контекста. Именно этот тип вопросов мы рассмотрим более подробно.

Форма глагола, выражающего действие, в английском языке зависит от того, кто (что) выполняет это действие. Иными словами, форма глагола зависит от подлежащего, поэтому прежде чем разбираться с тем, когда произошло действие и какого типа это действие, нам нужно понять, какое слово является подлежащим в данном предложении / соответствующей части данного предложения.

Пример.

Анализируя предложение с пропуском, мы можем разделить его на две части: (1) She was trying on new outfits (2) when her mobile phone suddenly __________ (RING) . Нас интересует только вторая часть, в которой мы легко можем увидеть подлежащее – her mobile phone – именно этот предмет выполняет действие «звонить». Для себя мы также можем отметить, что фразу her mobile phone мы можем заменить на местоимение it . Это поможет нам при выборе правильной формы глагола на заключительном этапе.

Шаг 2. Определяем залог, время и тип действия.

Для начала нам нужно понять, наше подлежащее самостоятельно выполняет действие или действие выполняется над человеком/предметом , являющимся нашим подлежащим. В зависимости от этого мы берём форму активного или пассивного залога соответственно.

Далее мы смотрим на всё предложение (а при необходимости и на соседние предложения) и определяем время, в котором происходит действие – настоящее, прошедшее или будущее . В зависимости от этого временного контекста, мы будем выбирать категорию Past , Present или Future .

Наконец, мы оцениваем, к какой категории относится наше действие – Simple, Continuous или Perfect.

Выбираем Simple , если важно отразить, что действие выполняется на регулярной основе и с определённой частотой (для настоящего) или произошло от начала до конца и завершилось (для прошлого).
Выбираем Continuous , если важно отразить, что действие в развитии и не завершилось.
Выбираем Perfect , если важно показать, что действие завершилось и у него есть результат (для настоящего) или что это действие предшествовало какому-то другому действию из предложения (для прошлого).

Пример.
Amy was clothes shopping. She was trying on new outfits when her mobile phone suddenly __________ (RING).

В нашем случае с мобильным телефоном мы можем сказать следующее
1) телефон звонит сам, следовательно, нам нужен активный залог;
2) все действия происходят в прошлом (Amy was shopping , She was trying on ), следовательно, выбираем Past;
3) в действии «звонить» важно, что оно произошло неожиданно (suddenly ), то есть это было достаточно короткое действие, которое произошло от начала до конца и закончилось, следовательно, выбираем Simple.
В итоге, нам нужна форма активного залога в Past Simple.

Шаг 3. Перепроверяем смысл предложения.

Очень важно помнить, что предложение по своему смыслу может быть как утвердительным , так и отрицательным . Поэтому не забудьте перепроверить, подходит ли утвердительная форма глагола по смыслу или же её нужно заменить на соответствующую отрицательную форму данного грамматического времени.

Пример.
Amy was clothes shopping. She was trying on new outfits when her mobile phone suddenly __________ (RING).

Отрицательное значение глагола RING делает все предложение бессмысленным. Поэтому в нашем случае нам нужна форма глагола RING для времени Past Simple и для подлежащего her mobile phone (it). Поскольку глагол RING – неправильный, мы не добавляем окончание ED, а берем форму из второй колонки неправильных глаголов – RANG.

Подробное выполнение задания c вопросами всех типов смотрите в видео.
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B4–B12 B4–B12 .

Judy was afraid of the dark. At night she always______ the lights on.	LEAVE
Judy couldn’t explain what exactly she was afraid of. She________ in monsters or in ghosts.		NOT/BELIEVE
She was one of those rare girls who never screamed when she saw spiders,_______ and frogs.		MOUSE
But everyone in her family knew that a dark room was the_________ of her fears.
One day, when Judy_________ something in her room, her mother came in holding a big shopping bag.		DRAW
“Guess what I________,” she said to Judy.
“I have no idea. Is it for_______ ?” Judy felt very curious about the bag.
Her mother pulled two packages from her shopping bag. In the first package there were some very nice slippers. They______ from soft, pink fabric and had bright flashing lights. Inside the second package were glow-in-the-dark pyjamas!		MAKE
Judy said she_______ to try them on immediately. Amazingly, she felt safe all through the night. In a few days the lights stopped flashing but Judy realised she didn’t feel afraid of the dark any more.		WANT

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B13–B18 B13–B18 .

It all started in 1865. A group of Frenchmen were having dinner in one of the most_______ restaurants near Paris.

FASHION

They talked about the democratic changes in the USA and wanted to support the American people. After a short______ they agreed on an original idea.			DISCUSS
The idea was suggested by Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, a sculptor and_______ . He said they could make a statue of a woman holding the torch of freedom.			DESIGN
It was an ambitious project and it was_______ to complete it quickly.	POSSIBLE
It actually took 21 years for this idea to become a reality. The French people raised money to build the statue, and,_________ , in 1886 it was ready.			FINAL
On July 4, 1886 the United States received their__________ gift - the Statue of Liberty!		AMAZE

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Вариант 7.

Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию B4–B12 .

Tracey was very unhappy and scared. She was starting a new school. “I________ to go to school today,” Tracey told her father.			NOT/WANT
“I understand, Tracey,” he said. “Starting a new school can be very difficult. But you have to.” A month before ______ family had moved to a new town and everything was still new and strange for Tracey.					THEY
Dad smoothed Tracey’s hair down and _____ her a little hug,		GIVE
“When your classes___ over, I’ll pick you up, ok?”
When Tracey got to school and looked at the big building, she thought, “I wish I_____ run away,” but she knew it was impossible.
She took a deep breath and walked up the steps to school. She went straight into her ______ grade classroom.					FIVE
“That must be Tracey,” “Hello, Tracey!”, “Welcome, Tracey!” the_______ in the room welcomed her.				CHILD
Everyone seemed friendly and Tracey felt a little _______.	GOOD
The father picked her up after school. “How was your day?” he asked. To his surprise Tracey answered that she_______ her new school. “You are a brave girl,” her father said. “I’m proud of you.”					LIKE

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст.

B13–B18 .

Have you heard of a Tadeus Bodnar? He is a _____ Hungarian hairdresser.	FAME
Not long ago he stopped using the _____ scissors and comb. Now his instruments are axes, irons and vacuum cleaners.		TRADITION
Now he is very_____ and happy because with his innovative techniques he can express himself better.		SUCCESS
He cuts hair in his shop in Budapest by chopping it with an axe. Then he styles the hair using a vacuum cleaner, or straightens it with an iron. It’s difficult to believe but the extravagant hairdresser is very popular. Many people find him very_____ .		CREATE
Every day there’s an______ line of people streaming to his shop.
They wish to change their _____and have a thrilling, new experience.	APPEAR

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Вариант 8. Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст.

так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию B4–B12.

Dana Miller was a bus driver in the city of Philadelphia. Her working hours____ from 10.00 pm till 6:00 am.
It was a hard job and very few____ worked as bus drivers in those days but Dana loved her job very much.			WOMAN
One of her regular passengers was a guitar player. Every Friday night he got on the bus carrying his guitar. The guitar____ of wood, not plastic and Dana liked the way it sounded.			MAKE
“You should come to see our show,” the guitarist kept saying to Dana. “I____ it one day,” Dana promised each time,
but she never said when exactly she______ . Another passenger who often used Dana’s bus was a Biscuit Lady.
She worked at the biscuit factory and often ____ Dana a small bag of biscuits.	GIVE
Dana____ sweets and pastries very much, but she could never resist those biscuits – they were so fresh and tasty.		NOT/LIKE
“How was___ night?” Dana’s husband liked to ask her when she came home. “Good music, good food and a great view of the city,” she cheerfully answered.
“I wish I_____ my work as much as you enjoy yours,” her husband said, “ but I’m going to have just another boring day at the office.”			ENJOY

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст.

Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию B13–B18 .

Many tourists find they don"t like staying in city hotels. They prefer to avoid_____ cities completely.

NOISE

They are attracted instead to dramatic views of mountains and _____ valleys.		PEACE
If you like this sort of tourism, Mountain View Camp is for you. You’ll have an____ vacation there.		FORGETTABLE
The Camp has a view over the_____ Hampson Valley.	IMPRESS
In the camp, tourists can rent either tents or bungalows. All the guests have free access to different facilities such as kitchens, bathrooms and playgrounds for children. The camp is a successful_____ of both comfort and a green environment.		COMBINE
The tourists can also have lunch in one of the many restaurants and try European or_______ cuisine.		NATION

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Вариант 9.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст.

Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словам и. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 18-26.

When I came into the room, my computer was on. It worried me since I_____ switching it on.		NOT/REMEMBER
I looked around – there_____ nobody in my room and everything was in its usual place.
Suddenly I_____ – the book had gone! I had left it on the table but it wasn’t there any more.		UNDERSTAND
I checked the window – it______ .	CLOSE
That meant that someone had come into the room through the door. My_____ impulse was to call the police but I called Jim instead.

“What____ ?” Jim sounded sleepy.	HAPPEN
I explained that someone______ the book. “Oh, no!” Jim sounded unhappy. “Have you any idea how valuable it is?”		TAKE
“There’s another thing I_____ understand,” I interrupted Jim. “My computer’s on but I always switch it off before leaving home.”			NOT/CAN
“Ok, stay at home. I’ll be at______ place in half an hour,” he said and the phone went dead.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст.

Learning languages is becoming a popular hobby with children and adults. It’s not only interesting but very_____ , too.

Foreign languages improve memory and develop______ .

IMAGINE

People who are able to speak two or more languages_______ are usually more successful than their monolingual colleagues. 18-26 так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 18-26 .

18. As a child, Steven lived in a village. Outside the village there was a house where a strange old woman and her granddaughter Eliza lived. The___ often played together.		CHILD
19. One day, Eliza_____ unusually sad. When Steven was about to leave, the old woman said, “I know you are friends. But never come to our house again. Never ever!”
20. The girl took the boy to the gate. “Will you miss me?” she asked. The boy said, “Yes, I will!” To his surprise, the girl said, “But I won’t! I______ to see you anymore!” She closed the gate.		NOT/WANT
21. The next day the girl_____ for the city.	LEAVE
22. Steven was upset but he hoped that one day he_____Eliza again.
23. Five years later Steven became a student and moved to the city. He rented a small apartment on the_____floor.
24. One day, when he____ to the university, he saw Eliza. She was sitting on the bench in the park with an ice-cream in her hand. He ran up to her and said “Hello! It’s nice to see you again!”		WALK
25. But Eliza looked up at_____ , stood up and walked away.
26. “I wish I_____ what is going on,” Steven said to himself, and decided to start his own investigation.		KNOW

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 27-32 так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 27-32 .

27. Choosing a career is one of the most difficult choices we have to make in our lives. There are lots of interesting and______ professions, but which of them is the right choice for you?

EXCITE

28. Researchers who work in_____ and sociology asked people across the UK what their dream job would be.		EDUCATE
29. And the results were quite_____ .	EXPECTED
30. According to the survey, people find modest jobs like charity work or gardening the most______ .		ATTRACT
31. Often at the top of their list are jobs such as a nurse or a______ .	TEACH
32. The study also shows that people in the UK are very_____ and focus on PRACTICE Dream jobs they have a realistic chance of getting.

«The Earth Hour is a part of an __________________(ECOLOGY) education whose aim is to make people understand their responsibility to the planet.»

Every year the world goes dark for one hour, the Earth Hour. The event is organised by the __________________(NATION) World Wildlife Fund. At tourist destinations, in offices and private homes, lights are switched off for one hour at __________________(EXACT) 8:00 pm. The idea is to show that our planet is in danger and it needs care and __________________(PROTECT). It"s __________________(POSSIBLE) to remain indifferent to changes in the climate which go on and on. The Earth Hour is not about saving an hour’s electricity. It’s about realising that we live on a __________________(WONDER) planet and need to look after it - not just for an hour a year but every day. The Earth Hour is a part of an __________________(ECOLOGY) education whose aim is to make people understand their responsibility to the planet.

Пояснение.

Adjective: cal - ecological.

Ответ: ecological

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1301.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами в скобках так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Заполните пропуск полученным словом.

«He wanted the whole family to stay at home but it was natural for the kids to __________________(AGREE) with him. They put on the warmest clothes they had and ran outside to enjoy the snow.»

The Turners were not used to snow. The most they ever got in Birmingham was an inch or so each winter. Even that happened quite __________________(RARE). The __________________(FUN) thing was that a tiny bit of snow was enough to cancel school and even to close some businesses. One night, in March of 1993, something very __________________(EXCITE) happened. Very cold air from Canada created the "Storm of the Century". When the Turner kids woke up on Saturday morning, there were 17 inches of __________________(WONDER) snow as far as the eye could see. The Turners were in shock. They had no idea what to do. Though Mr. Turner was an experienced __________________(DRIVE) he chose to leave his car in the garage. He wanted the whole family to stay at home but it was natural for the kids to __________________(AGREE) with him. They put on the warmest clothes they had and ran outside to enjoy the snow.

Пояснение.

Negative prefix: dis - disagree.

Ответ: disagree

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1302.

«“This case __________________(PROBABLE) needs a lot more research before we will be able to explain it,” they say.»

Dr Michael Werner says that he has eaten nothing for four years.

The German __________________(SCIENCE) explains that he gets all his energy from sunlight. He says he drinks only water and __________________(DIFFER) fruit juices. Dr Werner has written an __________________(EXCITE) book about his experiences. In it he says that when he started the experiment he even put on weight.

He says: “I can"t really give an __________________(EXPLAIN) of what’s happening to me; perhaps I just believe in my theory.” Dr Werner’s colleagues say that only plants can produce energy from the sun, and they cannot explain how he is able to stay __________________(HEALTH). “This case __________________(PROBABLE) needs a lot more research before we will be able to explain it,” they say.

Пояснение.

Advereb: ly - probably.

Ответ: probably

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1303.

The tourists can also have lunch in one of the many restaurants and try European or __________________(NATION) cuisine.

Many tourists find they don"t like staying in city hotels. They prefer to avoid __________________(NOISE) cities completely. They are attracted instead to dramatic views of mountains and __________________(PEACE) valleys. If you like this sort of tourism, Mountain View Camp is for you. You’ll have an __________________(FORGETTABLE) vacation there. The Camp has a view over the __________________(IMPRESS) Hampson Valley. In the camp, tourists can rent either tents or bungalows. All the guests have free access to different facilities such as kitchens, bathrooms and playgrounds for children. The camp is a successful __________________(COMBINE) of both comfort and a green environment. The tourists can also have lunch in one of the many restaurants and try European or __________________(NATION) cuisine.

Пояснение.

Adjective: al - national.

Ответ: national

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1304.

«There are many ways to get a good language __________________(EDUCATE) now.»

Millions of people want to learn English. There are lots of __________________(DIFFER) methods and the main problem is how to choose the best one. Some people believe that the most __________________(EFFECT) way is to study English in Britain or in any other English-speaking country. The advantage of going to Britain seems obvious. Everyone around you speaks English. It’s practically __________________(POSSIBLE) to avoid communication, so you’ll learn English __________________(QUICK). On the other hand, one can learn English at home. There are lots of possibilities there too: a good __________________(TEACH), a language school or an on-line course. There are many ways to get a good language __________________(EDUCATE) now.

Пояснение.

A noun: tion - education.

Ответ: education

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1305.

«And perhaps the most important __________________(DIFFER) of all – each nation has its own football team!»

If someone asks what your nationality is, how do you answer? For British people __________________(NATION) identity is a complex issue. Take me for example. I carry a passport issued by the British __________________(GOVERN). I was born in England, but my Mum is Scottish and my Granny is from Northern Ireland. So what am I? __________________(ACTUAL), I am really all of them: English, Irish, Scottish and British. Each of the “nations” has a lot in common but they also have their own unique culture and __________________(TRADITION) lifestyle. They __________________(LIKE) it when people call them English. And perhaps the most important __________________(DIFFER) of all - each nation has its own football team!

Пояснение.

A noun: ence - difference.

Ответ: difference

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1306.

«St Davids is famous for its sandy beaches and clear water. Whitesands Bay is a regular __________________ (WIN) of theprestigious European Blue Flag award.»

The city of St Davids is situated on the south-west coast of Wales. If you"re looking for an __________________(USUAL) place to go, this is your destination. It was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II but in reality St Davids looks like an __________________(ATTRACT) small village. It is actually the smallest city in Britain with a __________________(POPULATE) of just over 1,600. St Davids has a __________________(BEAUTY) medieval cathedral which dates back to the 12th century. Today it is a __________________(CHARM) place with narrow streets filled with cafes, hotels and art galleries - but only one pub! St Davids is famous for its sandy beaches and clear water. Whitesands Bay is a regular __________________(WIN) of the prestigious European Blue Flag award.

Пояснение.

A noun: er - winner.

Ответ: winner

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1307.

«I"m absolutely sure that books by a good __________________(WRITE) will always be popular.»

Reading is one of the most popular pastimes and books are one of the main sources of knowledge.

Everyone knows this but, __________________(FORTUNATELY), there are many young people who don’t like to read.They say it is not cool but I firmly __________________(AGREE) with them. Books have the ability to take you to another world, to wake up your __________________(IMAGINE) and transport you to places you’ve never been to. Books can be __________________(DIFFER) in size and content. Their stories can be __________________(EXCITE), scary, romantic or funny but above all, books are just interesting. I"m absolutely sure that books by a good __________________(WRITE) will always be popular.

Пояснение.

A noun (job): er - writer.

Ответ: writer

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1308.

«Please ensure that you take __________________(COMFORT) walking shoes, light clothing and plenty of water to drink.»

Siem Reap is a small town in Cambodia, a country in southeast Asia. It is built around a __________________(FAME) cathedral. The town is charming with some fine examples of French colonial architecture. A legend says that a French

__________________(WRITE) once called the town “a pearl of Cambodia”. Nowadays, this town is quite popular with tourists. They often use it as a starting point for their _________________(EXCITE) travellings. The town is really remarkable. There you will find some __________________(IMPRESS) stone monuments and statues, ancient buildings and picturesque ruins. Note that it’s __________________(USUAL) hot there in the summer. Please ensure that you take __________________(COMFORT) walking shoes, light clothing and plenty of water to drink.

Пояснение.

Adjective: able - comfortable.

Ответ: comfortable

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1309.

«Whatever your opinion of piranhas, this is a __________________(USE) piece of advice one should follow.»

Piranhas are South American fish. There are lots of scary stories about them. Most people think that piranhas are very __________________(DANGER) creatures. However, a __________________(SCIENCE) from St Andrews University, Anne Magurran, has recently announced that to call piranhas cruel killers is not fair. They __________________(USUAL) eat fish, plants and insects. According to Professor Anne Magurran, piranhas attack people and animals only when they want to defend themselves. However, most travellers strongly __________________(AGREE) with this point of view. They recommend keeping away from the water where piranhas live. When the fish attack in groups, it is practically __________________(POSSIBLE) to survive. Whatever your opinion of piranhas, this is a __________________(USE) piece of advice one should follow.

Пояснение.

Adjective: ful - useful.

Ответ: useful

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1310.

«They wish to change their __________________(APPEAR) and have a thrilling, new experience.»

Have you heard of a Tadeus Bodnar? He is a __________________(FAME) Hungarian hairdresser. Not long ago he stopped using the __________________(TRADITION) scissors and comb. Now his instruments are axes, irons and vacuum cleaners. Now he is very __________________(SUCCESS) and happy because with his innovative techniques he can express himself better. He cuts hair in his shop in Budapest by chopping it with an axe. Then he styles the hair using a vacuum cleaner, or straightens it with an iron. It’s difficult to believe but the extravagant hairdresser is very popular. Many people find him very __________________(CREATE). Every day there’s an __________________(END) line of people streaming to his shop. They wish to change their __________________(APPEAR) and have a thrilling, new experience.

Пояснение.

Они хотят изменить свою внешность - They wish to change their appearance.

Ответ - appearance.

Ответ: appearance

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1311.

«It’s so touching and we are going to spend it in a very __________________(CARE) way."

The boy saved £6,000.»

Axel is a 9-year-old Bulgarian orphan (сирота). He was adopted by a __________________(WEALTH) western family. His new father works as a __________________(BANK) in Sweden and he is quite rich. Axel __________________(REGULAR) wrote e-mails to the director of the orphanage, Jane Smitova. He told her that he was saving his Christmas and birthday money to help his friends. Axel said that he wanted the money to be spent on presents for his former playmates. Later Jane said ЃgI understood that __________________(FRIEND) meant a lot to a small boy but I would never have imagined that Alex could be talking about such an __________________(POSSIBLE) sum of money. It"s so touching and we are going to spend it in a very __________________(CARE) way."

The boy saved £6,000.

Пояснение.

Ответ: careful

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1312.

«People, who take the pill feel much better - most of their fears __________________(APPEAR).»

People are afraid of lots of things. There are many __________________(DIFFER) kinds of fears called phobias. They affect at least a quarter of the __________________(TRADITION). POPULATE The __________________ treatment for people with strong phobias is some kind of therapy. In most cases it doesn’t work but doctors still believe that phobias can be cured. __________________(RECENT) they have discovered a drug which can help people to overcome their phobias. It doesn’t work for everybody but when it does, it is very __________________(EFFECT). People, who take the pill feel much better – most of their fears __________________(APPEAR).

Пояснение.

Negative prefix: dis - disappear.

Ответ: disappear

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1313.

«The attendants are always very polite and __________________(HELP).»

People travel a lot nowadays. Planes are considered to be the most __________________(COMFORT) means of transport but for some people airports can be a nightmare. There are __________________(END) queues when you check in and you waste lots of time if your flight is delayed. However, there are some airports where you can __________________(ACTUAL) enjoy yourself. For example, you’ll never be bored at Hong Kong’s international airport. There are thousands of people from __________________(DIFFER) countries here but the passengers never experience any problems because everything is well organised. There are attendants in red coats, who help you to get from one place to another. It’s very good for people with no sense of __________________(DIRECT). The attendants are always very polite and __________________(HELP).

Пояснение.

Adjective: ful - helpful.

Ответ: helpful

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1314.

«A true friend not only praises you but tells you when you are not right too.

If you have already found such a person, you"re __________________(LUCK).»

Can people live without friends? Most of us would say "no". Friends make our lives enjoyable and __________________(INTEREST). Friendship is something you can"t buy. It is a __________________(WONDER) and valuable gift. It is __________________(POSSIBLE) to live without people who care for you and who are always ready to help. However, to find a true friend is not easy. Friendship requires honesty, trust and __________________(KIND). Being a friend means not only having fun together but helping each other in a difficult __________________(SITUATE). A true friend not only praises you but tells you when you are not right too. If you have already found such a person, you"re __________________(LUCK).

Пояснение.

Adjective: y - lucky.

Ответ: lucky

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1315.

«I wish they wouldn"t as I like starting my day with a cup of coffee and a ___________(TRADITION) newspaper.»

How do people learn the news? About a century ago people got ____________(INFORM) from newspapers since they were the only mass media that existed in those times. Radio and television seemed _____________(WONDER) as they broadcasted audio and visual images. The Internet has changed the situation dramatically. Now the audience has an opportunity to create the news, share their __________(KNOW) and express their personal opinions. The Internet supposes interaction, which makes it very __________(ATTRACT) to people. Will they ___________(APPEAR) in the near future? I wish they wouldn"t as I like starting my day with a cup of coffee and a ___________(TRADITION) newspaper.

Пояснение.

Adjective: al - traditional.

Ответ: traditional

«The story ends __________(HAPPY) and the friends start a new restaurant.»

Ratatouille is an American cartoon. The name of the cartoon comes from a____________(TRADITION) French dish made of vegetables. The main ION character is a rat Remy, who is interested in cooking and dreams of becoming a ______________(SUCCESS) chef. Remy is separated from his family at the ___________(BEGIN) of the movie. So he finds himself in Paris, France. There his unusual _____________(FRIEND) with a poor boy begins. They both don"t care that most people hate rats and try to get rid of them. Remy wants to help the boy. He tries to teach him how to cook ____________(TASTE) dishes. The story ends __________(HAPPY) and the friends start a new restaurant.

Пояснение.

Adverb: ly - happily.

Ответ: happily

«In the evening you can listen to ___________(TRADITION) Irish music played in the streets and in the pubs.»

Dublin is the capital city of the Republic of Ireland. It has an ____________(NATIONAL) airport with flights from London and European capitals. Dublin is a ______________(BEAUTY) and cosmopolitan city. If you walk along its famous central streets, you will find a wide range of _____________(DIFFER) shops, bars and restaurants. If you like sightseeing, you can also visit the famous Dublin castle, one of the most ___________(IMPRESS) buildings in the capitals. Dublin is a and city. Dublin is a green city. It is such a _________(PLEASE) to walk there on a hot sunny day. In the evening you can listen to ___________(TRADITION) Irish music played in the streets and in the pubs.

Пояснение.

Adjective: al - traditional.

Ответ: traditional

«The only __________________(PLEASANT) thing about Venice was the weather. It was unusually cold and windy that week.»

Last spring my best friend Isabelle and I booked a holiday in Venice. We rented a small apartment for a week with a __________________(WONDER) view of the town. At the last moment another friend, Linda, asked if she could come with us. She was a __________________(FRIEND), cheerful girl and we were glad to have her join us. Venice was a __________________(FANTASY) place and we enjoyed our trip greatly. Linda was fond of history and she told us lots of __________________(INTEREST) facts about the town. We also liked the Italian food very much. The waiter in the nearby pizzeria was a boy from Britain, so we never had any problems with __________________(COMMUNICATE). The only __________________(PLEASANT) thing about Venice was the weather. It was unusually cold and windy that week.

Пояснение.

Negative prefix: un - unpleasant.

Ответ: unpleasant

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1316.

«Several magazines found my photos __________________(INTEREST) enough to publish. I feel very proud of that.»

Last year my friend Mia and I went on holiday to Thailand. We stayed in a __________________(FAME) resort which is popular with tourists. We were very __________________(LUCK) with the weather and we spent most of our days on the beach. The ocean was __________________(FANTASY) – the water was clear and warm. Thailand is a former French colony and that’s why French is very popular there. Mia was delighted with this fact because she learns French, she wants to be a __________________(TEACH) of French, and she was able to practise the language there. She is also interested in architecture and she found some fine examples of the French colonial style in Thailand. It was an __________________(FORGETTABLE) trip for me too. I am a photographer and I took lots of pictures of people and nature. Several magazines found my photos __________________(INTEREST) enough to publish. I feel very proud of that.

Пояснение.

Adjective: ing - interesting.

Ответ: interesting

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1317.

«Natalie made my visit to Paris __________________(FORGETTABLE). She took me to the most interesting places in the city. In the evening we watched a performance at The Grand Opera House.»

I unexpectedly met my old friend Natalie at a metro station in Paris. I recognised her at once though we hadn’t seen each other for ten years. Now she works as a __________________(REPORT) for Le Figaro newspaper. Our __________________(FRIEND) began when we were at school. After school, Natalie left Britain. French was her __________________(FAVOUR) subject and she went to university in Paris. Now she is a very __________________(SUCCESS) journalist. Her life is busy and exciting. I was __________________(LUCK) she managed to find some time for me. Natalie made my visit to Paris __________________(FORGETTABLE). She took me to the most interesting places in the city. In the evening we watched a performance at The Grand Opera House.

Пояснение.

Negative prefix: un - unforgettable.

Ответ: unforgettable

Источник: ГИА по английскому языку 31.05.2013. Основная волна. Вариант 1318.

«London taxi drivers have to have a good memory to be able to take a ___________(TRAVEL) from A to В without looking at the map or asking for directions.»

What do you think is the most stressful and ___________(DANGER) job in Britain? Is it a police officer, a detective or a news _____________(REPORT)? Well, statistics say it is a London taxi driver. It is a ____________(REAL) hard job as traffic is getting worse. If we sit in a traffic jam for a few minutes, we start feeling ______________(NERVE) and irritated. But imagine you had to do that every day as your job! And you have to remain _____________(CARE) and attentive in spite of everything. London taxi drivers have to have a good memory to be able to take a ___________(TRAVEL) from A to В without looking at the map or asking for directions.

Пояснение.

A noun (job): er - traveller.

Ответ: traveller

travelling - путешествие; оно сюда больше подходит, а traveller - это путешественник.

Александр Ринкевич

Слова переведены вами правильно, но по смыслу подходит только последнее слово: Лондонские таксисты должны обладать хорошей памятью, чтобы возить путешественника из точки А в точку В...

· ").dialog({width:"auto",height:"auto"})">Видеокурс

«The city streets are usually full of noisy tourists with cameras but if you want a quiet holiday, you can have it too - the beautiful and _____________(PEACE) countryside is just round the corner.»

Мы с учениками делаем это по следующей схеме:

Если перед нами существительное :
1) Наиболее вероятный вариант – образовать от него форму множественного числа (выучить все исключения, типа foot – feet, а если мн. ч. образуется по общему правилу, то быть внимательным – не меняется ли конечная y на i, не меняется ли f на v, не добавляется ли -es вместо привычного – s и прочая головная боль).
2) Менее вероятный – притяжательная форма существительного (вроде world – world’s). Я такие задания не видела, но мало ли … Распознать этот случай легко – после пропуска будет стоять еще одно существительное.
Если видите местоимение (например, I), ставите его в правильный падеж – объектный (me), притяжательный (my или mine). Также в задании встречаются возвратные местоимения (myself). Или указательное местоимение (this, that) можно ставите во мн. ч. Неопределенные местоимения (some, any, no, every и их производные) в тестах не видела, но кодификатор предупреждает, что они могут попасться.
С числительными все волшебно просто – преобразуем порядковое в количественное и количественное в порядковое. Главное – выучить все тонкости их правильнописания.
Прилагательное или наречие ставим в какую-то из степеней сравнения. Если после пропуска стоит than, это сравнительная, а если перед пропуском – the, то превосходная.
Внимание! Ученики то и дело норовят в этом задании сделать из прилагательного наречие или дописать спереди отрицательную приставку. Обращаем внимание, что так можно делать только в следующем задании.
А вот с глаголами придется попотеть. И сначала понять – перед нами личная форма (та, которая изменяется по временам) или неличная (причастие активное или пассивное).
1) Узнать причастие легко – в предложении уже есть сказуемое, выраженное личной формой глагола. Когда узнали, думаем – активное или пассивное у него значение.
2) Если в предложении пропуск стоит после подлежащего, и сказуемого недостает, перед нами точно личная форма.
Как и с причастием, решаем активный это залог или пассивный (переведя предложение) и дальше думаем, в какое время его поставить. В этом же предложении (ну, или в предыдущих) могут стоять слова-подсказки. Если их нет, смотрим на само предложение и что его окружает.
Пройдя все эти подводные камни, не ошибиться бы еще в написании формы глагола, выучив правила орфографии и неправильные глаголы.
Также нужно уметь распознавать предложения условия (и конструкции с I wish) или согласование времен в косвенной речи, которые также могут тут встретиться.

Разберем эту часть из демоверсии ОГЭ:

Once there were four children whose names were Peter, Susan, Edmund and Lucy. This story happened to __________________ when they had to leave their home city, London, during the war. THEY
Раз стоит после глагола, значит это объектный падеж (them).

They __________________ to the house of an old Professor who lived in the country, ten miles from the nearest railway station. SEND
Пропуск сразу после подлежащего – точно личная форма, после перевода предложения ясно, что их послали, значит это пассив. Слов-подсказок нет, но в окружающих предложениях идет последовательность действий, выраженная Past Simple, значит это тот же случай (were sent).

He __________________ a wife and he lived in a very large house with a housekeeper. NOT/HAVE
Опять личная форма, и точно активный залог. Все та же последовательность действий в Past Simple (did not have/ didn’t have/ hadn’t/ had not).

He himself was a very old man with white hair which grew over most of his face as well as on his head. The children liked him almost at once. Only Lucy, who was the __________________ of them, felt a little afraid of him. YOUNG
Прилагательное, перед пропуском определенный артикль – превосходная степень сравнения (youngest). Некоторые забываются, и пишут два слова – the youngest, чего делать нельзя!

On their __________________ evening, after dinner, they said good night to the Professor and went upstairs. It was the largest house they had ever seen, so Peter suggested exploring it in the morning. ONE
Совсем просто – меняем количественное числительное на порядковое (first).

When the next morning came, there was a steady rain falling. “I wish the weather __________________ more cheerful!” said Edmund. BE
Конструкция с I wish в школе изучается только в сочетании с Past Simple после нее (was/ were).

“Stop complaining, Ed,” said Susan. “I think the weather __________________ soon.” IMPROVE
Опять личная форма (сразу после подлежащего), по смыслу ясно, что это активный залог и говорим о будущем (will improve/is going to improve).

“We were going to explore the house,” Peter reminded them. He __________________ a sandwich at the moment and was absolutely happy with the whole situation. EAT
Опять личная форма, активный залог, и подсказка – at the moment, значит время группы Continous, а глагол в прошлом в этом предложении дает основания предполагать, что это Past Continous (was eating).

Everyone nodded and at that point their amazing adventures __________________. BEGIN
Личная форма, активный залог, последовательность действий (began).

Плохая новость: подготовка к этой части очень трудоемкая, ее нужно начинать хотя бы за год, и требует она кропотливой работы.

Хорошая новость: при должном усердии можно всю грамматику освоить, и это задание делать за 10 минут, сохраняя время для остальных частей ОГЭ. Здесь нет того элемента неожиданности, который присутствует в аудировании и чтении.

И несколько общих советов по выполнению:

Читать ВЕСЬ текст сплошняком, потому что подсказка на грамматическую форму может быть не в этом конкретном предложении, а в предыдущем. Или в последующем.
Если вы правильно определили форму, озаботьтесь еще ее правильным написанием. При корявой орфографии не зачтут.
Глагольные формы могут быть полные или краткие, без разницы (haven’t или have not).
Проверьте еще раз.
Если ничего не знаете, все равно напишите хоть что-нибудь, мало ли.

Тренировка

Для подготовки к именно этой части экзамена очень рекомендую вот эту книгу.